三门峡库区湿地生态需水量估算.docVIP

三门峡库区湿地生态需水量估算 　　摘要：基于2005年的水文和气象数据及2005年2月、6月、8月、11月四个不同时期的遥感影像解译数据。在三门峡库区湿地分类的基础上，估算了2005年年内湿地生态需水量变化情况，并分析了不同类型湿地的生态需水量年内变化规律，结果表明，2005年三门峡库区湿地最小生态需水量约为8364亿m3，适宜生态需水量约为14407亿m3，理想生态需水量约为30450亿m3。其中多泥沙河流库区湿地生态需水最重要的是输沙需水量，输沙需水量主要集中在汛期的6月-10月，8月输沙需水最多，约为2527亿m3。通过计算湿地生态需水量能为库区湿地生态配水及湿地生态恢复提供基础数据。 　　关键词：三门峡库区；湿地；生态需水量；遥感 　　中图分类号：P426 文献标志码：A 文章编号2015 　　Estimation of ecological water demand in Sanmenxia reservoir wetland 　　ZHOU Weibo1，LI Yuepeng1，3，WANG Shiyan2，YANG Heng2，3 　　（1.School of Environment Science and Engineering，Chang′an University，Xi′an 710054，China；2.China Department of 　　Water Environment，Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100078，China； 　　3.North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power，Zhengzhou 450045，China） 　　Abstract：Based on the hydrological and meteorological data in 2005 and remote sensing image interpretation of four time periods （February，June，August，and November） in 2005 in Sanmenxia reservoir，variation of ecological water demand in the wetland in 2005 was estimated according to the classification of wetlands，and variation laws of ecological water demand in different types of wetlands were analyzed.The results showed that the minimum ecological water demand is 8364 billion m3，the suitable ecological water demand is 14407 billion m3，and the ideal ecological water demand is 3045 billion m3.Water demand for sediment transport is the most important one of ecological water demand，and water demand for sediment transport was concentrated in the flood season from June to October with the maximum in August of 2527 billion m3.Calculation of ecological water demand in the wetland can provide basic database for ecological water allocation and ecological restoration in Sanmenxia reservoir wetland. 　　Key words：Sanmenxia reservoir；wetland；ecological water demand；remote sensing 　　湿地是介于水陆过渡带的独特生态系统，其在调蓄洪水、涵养水源及美化环境等方面发挥着重要的作用。水、土壤和生物是湿地生态系统的三大要素，其中水要素是建立和维持湿地及其演变过程最重要的决定因子。近些年，由于人类活动的干扰