不同覆盖方式对烤烟农艺性状及土壤温度的影响.docVIP

不同覆盖方式对烤烟农艺性状及土壤温度的影响 　　摘要 采用了不同覆盖量的稻草覆盖和地膜覆盖方式，在大田条件下研究了覆盖方式对烤烟农艺性状及土壤温度的影响。结果表明：稻草覆盖和地膜覆盖均可显著促进烤烟前期的生长发育以及提高土壤温度，其中地膜覆盖对烤烟的早期生长促进最大，但稻草覆盖在烤烟旺长期后优于地膜覆盖，且稻草覆盖量500 kg/hm2处理优于覆盖量300 kg/hm2处理，各种覆盖方式均表现为生育后期气温高时对土壤的增温效果降低，稻草覆盖会延缓顶叶成熟期2～3 d，而地膜覆盖会提前顶叶成熟期5 d左右，稻草覆盖和地膜覆盖都显著增加了烟株35～45 d的株高，45 d之后对株高的影响不显著，地膜覆盖和稻草覆盖均增加了同期烟叶的叶面积，移栽后55 d之前地膜覆盖叶面积大于稻草覆盖，且不同稻草覆盖处理差异不显著，移栽后55 d稻草覆盖500 kg/hm2叶面积最大，不同稻草覆盖量之间叶面积差异达到显著，不同覆盖方式对烟株有效叶数影响差异不显著。 　　关键词 稻草覆盖；地膜覆盖；烤烟；农艺性状；土壤温度；影响 　　中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）18-0011-03 　　Abstract The effects of different mulching methods on agronomic characters and soil temperature of flue-cured tobacco were studied under field conditions.The results showed that straw mulching and film mulching could significantiy promote growth of flue-cured tobacco in early stage and improve the soil temperature.Compared with straw mulching，plastic film mulching could promote early growth more effective，the case was just the opposite for straw mulching.The effect of straw mulch 500 kg/hm2 treament was beter then 300 kg/hm2 treatment.Various mulching methods showed that the effect of warming on soil temperature decreased in late stage，straw mulching could delay the parietal mature period of 2～3 d，while film mulching could advance it 5 d，moreover，The two mulching methods could significantiy increased the plant height of 35～45 d，also enlarged the tobacco leaf area over the same period，but there was no significant difference was found between straw mulching and film mulching.Moreover，the difference of leaf area between different straw mulching treatment was significant.The findings indicated that the effect of different mulching methods on leaf number was not significant. 　　Key words straw mulching；plastic film mulching；flue-cured tobacco；agronomic characters；soil temperature；influence 　　地膜覆盖在保蓄水土和提高土壤肥力、提高烟田地温、提高产量和质量、促进烟株早发、减少养分流失等方面有着积极的作用[1-2]。土壤温度是植物生长的重要生态因子。国内外许多学者采用人工控温设施研究地温对植物生长的影响机理，认为植物生长对根温更敏感。根温可直接影响植物的生长，也可通过植物激素、矿质营养、水分代谢、光合作用间接影响植物的生长[3]。