Macroeconomics-12-国民收入核算.ppt

* In future chapters, we will study the role of each of these in greater detail. We could draw a more complicated circular flow diagram that includes the government, financial system, and foreign sector. Including them, however, would not change the basic conclusion that GDP simultaneously measures the country’s total income, expenditure, revenue, and factor payments. 20世纪即将结束时，美国商业部长把国民收入帐户的发明和运用称为“世纪性杰作”。认为：“当我们要寻找商务部的先驱们创造的对美国影响最伟大的成就的时候，国民经济帐户——今天称之国内生产总值或GDP——的发明则当之无愧”。 得到美联储主席艾伦·格林斯潘，经济学诺贝尔奖得主保罗·萨缪尔森，詹姆斯·托宾等政要和专家的一致赞同。 * * NIPA Handbook: Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts Measuring the Economy: A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts? An Introduction to the National Income and Product Accounts (MP-1)? Taking the Pulse of the Economy: Measuring GDP, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 2008? * * This example is similar to that in the text, but using different goods and different numerical values. Suggestion: Ask your students to compute nominal GDP in each year before revealing the answers. Ask them to compute the rate of increase before revealing the answers. In this example, nominal GDP grows for two reasons: prices are rising, and the economy is producing a larger quantity of goods. Thinking of nominal GDP as total income, the increases in income will overstate the increases in society’s well-being because part of these increases are due to inflation. We need a way to take out the effects of inflation, to see how much people’s incomes are growing in purchasing power terms. That is the job of real GDP. * This example shows that real GDP in every year is constructed using the prices of the base year and that the base year doesn’t change. The growth rate of real GDP from one year to the next is the answer to this question: “How much would GDP (and hence everyone’s income) have grown if there had been zero inflation?” Thus, real GDP is corrected for inflation. * The tabl