宗教改革和反宗教改革课件.ppt

The Burial of Count Orgaz 奥尔加斯伯爵的葬礼 Icarus by Bruegel The land of Cockayne 安乐乡 The return of the hunters 阿尔布雷特·丢勒Albrecht Durer (1471－1528) 北欧文艺复兴运动中最伟大的画家之一。出生在德国纽伦堡， Hans Holbein 小荷尔拜因(1497／1498～1543) Holbein,Hans 德国画家。生于奥格斯堡,卒于英国伦敦。自幼随父老荷尔拜因学画 在英国，还有一个重大历史事件与玫瑰有关，那就是持续30年之久的“玫瑰战争”（War of Roses）。“英法百年战争”（The Hundred Years’ War）之后的大约两年，为争夺王位，英国国内两个家族展开了你死我活的斗争。争斗双方都以玫瑰作为自己的徽号，兰开斯特（Lancaster）家族是红玫瑰（red rose），约克（York）家族是白玫瑰（white rose），英国封建贵族几乎都卷入了进去，不是支持这方，就是拥护那方，结果被残杀殆尽。“玫瑰战争”的结果以第三者——都铎家族（Tudor）的得利而宣告结束，真是“鹬蚌相争—渔人得利”，红、白玫瑰落得个“为他人做嫁衣”的结果。从此，英国开始了历史上的都铎王朝(House of Tudor, 1485-1603)，玫瑰从此成为英王室的徽章（emblem）。 Group 2:science in the 17th century. Group 3: philosophy and politics in the 17th century Group 4: literature in the 17th Group 5: Descartes, French Classicism Group 6: 17th century art Group 7: Hamlet Grouo 8: Othello Group 9: King Lear Group 10: Macbeth Reformation and Counter-reformation 1. What is reformaiton? Reformation The Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political (社会政治) movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg (威丁堡大学) his 95 thesis (论纲). This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority (权威) of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues. 宗教改革的实质是：反对罗马天主教，直接形式是用母语翻译圣经  What are the demands of the reformists? Demand of the reformists: Simplifying rituals Abolishing heavy taxes indulgences Institutional reform of the Church Making Bible accissible to the common folks Liberating national economy and politics from Roman Catholic church Carry out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. Who started Reformation? Martin Luther 马丁 路德 95 theses 95条论纲 What’s indulgence? Indulgence 赎罪券 Pay money to replace the performance of the deed of pe