普适性柔顺光洁纺纱技术分析与应用.docVIP

普适性柔顺光洁纺纱技术分析与应用 　　摘要：欧洲采用优化工艺、外加强制性控制力的方法降低纱线有害毛羽，最有效成熟的集聚纺技术降低细纱3 mm毛羽高达80%，但存在能耗大、成纱硬度高等问题。针对现有技术问题，本文提出在线降低纤维刚度以提高纤维加捻成纱性能的纺纱方法，研制出配套纺纱技术装备，制造出表层致密光洁、内部纤维充分转移的柔顺光洁纱线，形成柔顺光洁纱线技术，广泛适用于棉、麻、化纤纺纱领域，具有装备操作简便、性价比高、易于推广等方面的优势，实现产业化应用。 　　关键词：柔顺光洁纺纱；纱线毛羽；熨烫加热；产业化应用 　　中图分类号： TS104.7 文献标志码：A 　　An Analysis on a Novel Staple Spinning Technology and Its Applications 　　Abstract： European-developed spinning technologies usually reduce harmful hairiness by optimizing process and employing extra-mandatory control over the fiber assembly. The most sophisticated compact spinning technology can reduce 3-mm hairiness by as high as 80%. However， there exist problems such as high energy consumption and high rigidity of the spun yarn for pneumatic compact spinning. To overcome these problems， this paper develops a novel soft and smooth spinning technology to improve staple spun yarn properties by reducing fiber rigidity online； relevant equipment of this novel spinning technology is also developed to produce soft and smooth yarn with compact smooth surface and sufficient fiber-migration inner-structure. As the novel soft and smooth spinning technology has advantages such as easy operation， low energy consumption， excellent performance of eliminating hairiness， it has been widely and industrially applied to cotton， ramie and chemical staple fiber spun yarn production. 　　Key words： soft and smooth spinning； yarn hairiness； ironing and heating； industrial application 　　环锭纺纱属于握持端纺纱，对纤维成形控制力优良，迫使须条纤维呈内外转式扭转抱合成纱，所纺纱线结构致密、强力高，因此适应原料、纱支品种范围广，目前在纺织生产中仍占主导地位。在环锭纺纱过程中，加捻须条所含纤维量越少、加捻纱线抱合强力越小，就越容易发生纺纱断头，因此普通环锭纺纱所纺短纤纱中至少含有30根纤维，成纱极限支数遇到瓶颈。针对该技术瓶颈，本课题组与山东如意纺织合作，研发出嵌入式复合纺纱技术，加工出附加值高的超高支纱线及其制品。另一方面，环锭纺纱三角区须条边缘纤维受控性差、边缘纤维脱离钳口握持后形成飞花或长毛羽，导致环锭纱线有害毛羽过多、条干不匀率和强度恶化、纱线终端制品质量下降的技术问题，纤维刚度越高，上述技术问题越严重。针对该数百年来制约纱线高品质成形的毛羽问题，欧洲国家在国际上推出负压集聚纺技术，降低环锭纱线 3 mm以上有害毛羽高达80%，但耗能大、成本高，且有限的气流控制力尚无法满足粗特或高刚性纤维纱条的高品质成纱需求。因此，需要研发一种具有普适性、低成本能耗、低碳环保的纱线高端制造技术，大幅提升环锭纱线及其制品质量，对促进纺织工业精品化、高科技化将具深远意义。 　　本文针对环锭纱线高品质成形及负压集聚纺纱技术存在