矿物硅钾肥在水稻上的后效作用研究.docVIP

矿物硅钾肥在水稻上的后效作用研究 　　摘要 为探索矿物硅钾肥的后效作用，本研究在第一茬油菜收获后继续种植水稻，比较了不同处理对水稻生理指标和土壤速效钾和缓效钾的影响。结果表明：在不施氮磷肥的情况下，单施硅钾肥对水稻生长没有明显的后效促进作用。在氮磷供应充足的情况下，硅钾肥相比常规施肥具有更好的后效作用，主要体现在对水稻产量的促进上，硅钾肥各处理的总体增产效果为5.9%，其中使用量最高的处理（NPK+SiK3）增产效果达12.0%。土壤速效钾含量结果表明硅钾肥比常规肥料更能促进水稻对土壤养分的吸收。 　　关键词 硅钾肥；水稻；后效作用；产量 　　中图分类号 S511；S147.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）14-0018-03 　　Aftereffects of Silicon-potassium Mineral Fertilizer on Rice 　　LI Ji-jin LI Yu-fei ZOU Guo-yuan LIU Ben-sheng XU Jun-xiang SUN Qin-ping * 　　（Institute of Plant Nutrition and Natural Resources，Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry，Beijing 100097） 　　Abstract In order to study the aftereffects of silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer，we planted rice after the rape harvest，and compared the fertilizer effects on the physiological characteristic and soil available potassium and slowly available potassium content.The results showed that no evident acceleration was found on rice growth in SiK compared with CK treatment.In the case of sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus supply，silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer showed better aftereffects than conventional fertilizer，which was mainly reflected on the improved of rice yields.The mean increase production effect of various silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer treatments was 5.9%，and the increase production effect of NPK+SiK3 reached 12.0%.The result of soil available potassium indicated that silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer performed better than conventional fertilizer in improving of the absorption of rice on soil nutrients. 　　Key words silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer；rice；aftereffects；yield 　　据联合国粮农组织估计，发展中国家粮食增产的55%来源于化肥的贡献，而对于我国，化肥对粮食的增产效果约为40%。但近几年中，化肥的增产效果降低，肥料的利用效率也明显降低。究其原因，除在个别作物上肥料的投入过量外，养分的不平衡也是重要原因[1]，特别是钾肥和中、微量元素养分的投入较低，限制了很多作物产量的进一步提高，农产品质量也在下降，而土壤的钾素含量也在不断耗竭[2]。 　　我国可溶性钾资源稀缺，75%的农用氯化钾或者硫酸钾都需要进口[3]。为从根本上解决我国国产钾肥供应紧张的问题，开发难溶性钾资源生产矿物钾肥――如硅钾肥等正受到越来越多的重视。矿物硅钾肥料以富钾岩石和石灰为原料，经过水热反应生成[4]。与传统农用的钾肥相比，硅钾肥不但含有钾元素，而且含有硅、钙等大量对作物有益的元素，应用前景看好[5]。已有研究显示硅钾肥可以改善土壤性状，增强供钾能力，提高作物