硅对番茄果实发育及硅吸收特性的影响.docVIP

硅对番茄果实发育及硅吸收特性的影响 　　摘要：为探讨硅对番茄的生理效应，本试验采用水培方式，研究了营养液硅水平对番茄果实发育及硅吸收分配规律的影响。结果表明，与对照（CK）相比，随营养液硅水平的提高，番茄植株各器官硅吸收量显著增加，果实成熟期缩短2～3天，坐果数及单株产量增加，但单果质量下降；硅水平过高（1.8 mmol/L）不利于植株生长，单株产量以1.2 mmol/L硅处理最高，较对照增产15.22%。提高营养液硅水平，显著提高了番茄植株硅含量、吸收速率和吸收积累量，全生育期植株硅含量均以叶片较高，根次之，果实及茎较低，且各器官硅含量随植株生长逐渐增加，硅吸收速率显著增强，至结果盛期达最高。 　　关键词：硅；番茄；植株生长；吸收；产量 　　中图分类号：S641.206+.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）09-0088-04 　　AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of silicon on physiological characteristics of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）， the effects of silicon on fruit development and silicon absorption and distribution were studied using hydroponic experiments. The results showed that the increase of silicon level in culture solution caused the significant increase of silicon absorption of every organs， decrease of fruit mature period by 2～3 days， increase of fruit setting number and single plant yield， and decrease of single fruit mass. The growth trend of tomato plant under too high silicon level （1.8 mmol/L） was weakened. The yield of tomato under suitable silicon level （1.2 mmol/L） was the highest， which increased by 15.22% compared with the control. The increase of silicon level in culture solution also resulted in the increase of content， absorption rate and accumulation of silicon in tomato plants. The silicon content in leaves was the most abundant， followed by root， while that in fruit and stem was lower. The growth and development of plants led to gradually increase of silicon content in every organ and significantly enhancement of silicon absorption rate， which reached to the peak at fruit flourish stage. 　　KeywordsSilicon； Tomato； Plant growth and development； Absorption； Yield 　　硅是土壤中第二丰富的元素，多以硅酸盐结晶或沉淀形式存在，能被植物吸收利用的有效硅含量较低。植物中的硅多以二氧化硅胶（SiO2?nH2O）形态分布于表皮细胞和细胞壁，但物种间硅含量存在较大差异[1]。尽管如此，大量研究表明，硅可显著改善植物的生长发育、形态结构、产量及防病抗逆能力，被公认为植物的有益元素[2]。近年来，硅对植物影响的研究多集中在水稻、小麦、高粱等较喜硅的单子叶植物上。由于双子叶植物体内的硅积累量较少，因此硅对双子叶植物生长发育的影响未引起足够重视，但硅对棉花[3]、黄瓜[4]幼苗的促生长作用已被证实。 　　番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）属茄科番茄属，为双子叶植物，