分词作定语探讨.ppt

-ing形式作定语 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词 的前面, 而-ing短语常作后置定语。 ?Who is the man ________ (speak)to my father? ?The building __________ (build) there will be our library. 2. -ing作定语可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 过去分词作定语 过去分词可以用作前置定语，此时分词和名词之间有两种语意关系： 1.表示完成（时间上已经过去） 2.表示被动 过去分词作定语 1.单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义 a lost animal 一只迷路的动物 a broken glass 一个打碎了的玻璃杯 注意 ? 过去分词作定语时，有时只表被动意义 eg: spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习 ?少数表示位移或状态改变等的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义 eg: a fallen leaf 一片落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the developed countries 发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 2. 单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被 修饰词之前 Eg：The broken clock should be repaired as soon as possible. 这个坏了的钟表应尽快修好。 3. 过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修 饰词的后边，相当于一个定语从句。 过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动或完成意义。 eg: The book borrowed from library yesterday is very interesting. I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth. The books written by Lu Xun are popular. 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。 We will go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago. 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。 -ed形式与-ing形式作定语的区别 ?语态不同： -ing表主动、动作正在进行；-ed 表被动，完成 the falling leaves落叶（正往下落） the fallen leaves 落叶（已落到地面） thechanging world the changed world fading flowers faded flowers a developing country a developed country ?时间关系不同 -ing表“正在进行”或与“谓语动词同时进行”或者“表经常性” -ed 表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作 ? Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? I cant find the book borrowed from Tom. 过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或者状态（系动词+过去分词） 常见的系动词有be, get,feel, seem, look, become,remain等 Eg: She is excited. He seems quit delighted at the news. 常见作表语的过去分词有： disappointed, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried 等。 与被动语态的区别 过去分词构成的主系表结构强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。 ?The window is broken.这个窗子坏了 ?The window was broken by Li Ming. practice 2. The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .