《管理学教学资料》Chapter 9.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* Organizational Structure (cont’d) Authority (职权) The rights inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do and to expect them to do it. Responsibility（职责） The obligation or expectation to perform. Unity of Command The concept that a person should have one boss and should report only to that person. * * Authority == Responsibility Decision for signing a contract with a customer Authority Responsibilities Sales Department Signing contract In charge of the whole process Production Department Decide order of production Guarantee product quality and on-time delivery of products Department of Finance Price of product (profit rate) Provide correct cost information * * 统一指挥案例 企业总经理喜欢让公司任何员工向他请示工作，对任何员工提出的问题都要拿出自己的意见，让员工执行，这样对不对？? 越级指挥，违背了统一指挥原则。（指挥系统混乱） 一仆多主 Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* Organizational Structure (cont’d) 3.4 Span of Control The number of employees who can be effectively and efficiently supervised by a manager. Width of span is affected by: Skills and abilities of the manager Employee characteristics Characteristics of the work being done Similarity of tasks Complexity of tasks Physical proximity of subordinates Standardization of tasks Sophistication of the organization’s information system Strength of the organization’s culture Preferred style of the manager Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* Exhibit 9–3 Contrasting Spans of Control Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* Organizational Structure (cont’d) 3.5 Centralization The degree to which decision making is concentrated at upper levels in the organization. Organizations in which top managers make all the decisions and lower-level employees simply carry out those orders. Decentralization Organizations in which decision making is pushed down to the ma