主题与主语概要.ppt

Features of the Subject in English 1. There must always be a subject; 2. The subject is the theme of the sentence that the verb structure describes; 3. The subject has grammatical control; 4. The subject must be a noun or a noun structure. Features of the Subject in Chinese 1. The subject is not essential; 2. The subject has no grammatical control over the whole sentence; 3. There can be more than one subject; 4. The subject can be a noun, verb, adjective or any such structures. Subject-prominent vs. Topic-prominent A subject-prominent language (eg. English) is a language in which the grammatical units of subject and predicate (SV) are basic to the structure of sentences and in which sentences usually have subject-predicate structure. A topic-prominent language (eg. Chinese) is one in which the information units of topic and comment are basic to the structure of sentence. Types of Chinese subjects 1） 名词性主语 2） 动词性主语 3 ）表时间处所和条件的词组做主语 4 ）介词引出动作者做主语 5 ）别的介词短语 6） 主谓主语 1） 名词性主语 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。 We have won one victory after another for our cause. 她从来没有想到他是个不诚实的人。 It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. 2） 动词性主语 能吃能睡不一定就健康。 Great eaters and sleepers are not always healthy. 游泳非常消耗体力。 Swimming is quite exhausting. 3 ）表时间处所和条件的词组做主语 今天讨论的范围涉及时事政治的问题。 Today’s discussion covers issues of current political affairs. 感情深，一口闷；感情浅，舔一舔。 If we are great friends, we should drink it all in one mouthful. If we are on speaking/nodding terms, we can just sip it. 4 ）介词引出动作者做主语 仅以此作为一个标准，就说中国是一个发达国家，我觉得是不公平的。 I don’t think it is fair to use this as the sole standard to conclude that China is a developed country. 只有播种，才有收获。 One must sow before one can reap. 5 ）别的介词短语 不论你走到哪儿，你都可以找到朋友。 Wherever you go, you will find friends. 因此可以说，政治是不流血的战争，战争是流血的政治。 It can therefore be said that politics is a war without bloodshed while war is politics with bloodshed. 6） 主谓主语 他搞到那个职务竟是靠的裙带关系! He got the post by the apron-strings! 把这些尽快送往灾区是当前的头等大事。 It is the most important of all that th