旅游英语PPT初稿课件.ppt

It is a joint place of mountainous area in middle part and a plain area in the west. Many rivers and springs join in the southwest and will never dry up. Though neighboring mountains and rivers ,Qufu has never suffered droughts or floods. Because of its good geographical situation ,it became a political, economic and cultural center several thousand years ago. 曲阜拥有各级文化保护单位184处，其中国家级6处，省级21处，济宁市级5处，曲阜市级152处，存有金、元、明、清 及民国历代古建筑1300余间，碑块5000余块，历代墓葬10万余座，库藏文物11万余件。其文物遗迹所含历史文化信息丰富而有特色，文化传承序列之完整性当为全国乃至全世界所罕见。 Temple of Confucius 孔庙 在众多文物古迹中，孔庙已延续两千年之久，规模宏大，气势宏雄伟，号称天下第一庙，是中国第二大古建筑群。 Within two years after the death of Confucius, his former house in Qufu was already consecrated as a temple by the Prince of Lu. In 205 BC, Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to offer sacrifices to the memory of Confucius in Qufu. He set an example for many emperors and high officials to follow. Later, emperors would visit Qufu after their enthronement or on important occasions such as a successful war. In total, 12 different emperors paid 20 personal visits to Qufu to worship Confucius. About 100 others sent their deputies to for 196 visits. The original three-room house of Confucius was removed from the temple complex during a rebuilding undertaken in 611 AD. In 1012 and in 1094, during the Song Dynasty, the temple was extended into a design with three sections and four courtyards, around which eventually more than 400 rooms were arranged. Fire and vandalism destroyed the temple in 1214, during the Jin Dynasty. It was restored to its former extent by the year 1302 during the Yuan Dynasty. Shortly thereafter, in 1331, the temple was framed in an enclosure wall modeled on the Imperial palace. After another devastation by fire in 1499, the temple was finally restored to its present scale. However, further additions to the buildings and the decorations were made. In total, the Temple of Confucius has undergone 15 major renovations, 31 large repairs, and numerous small buildin