生物工程专业英语3课件.ppt

Protoplast fusion, monoclonal antibody preparation and the wide use of tissue culture techniques including the regeneration of plants from suspension culture cells have had a profound impact on the development of biotechnology. 原生质体融合、单克隆抗体以及广泛使用的组织培养技术包括植物细胞悬浮培养技术，对生物技术的发展产生了深远影响。 recognition 【 】 formulate 【】 Isolated enzymes have long been a part of many biotechnological processes and their catalytic properties are being further utilized with the development of suitable immobilization techniques allowing reuse of the biocatalyst. 酶技术分离酶长久以来都用在生物生产中，它们的催化能力也在进一步被开发利用。 Of particular importance has been the development of high fructose syrups（annual production 3 million tonnes） using immobilized bacterial glucose isomerase. 固定化技术迅速发展得以使酶能够重复使用，如采用固定化葡萄糖异构酶生产高果糖将（年产30万吨）具有重要意义。 A further development is the immobilization of whole cells for biocatalytic purposes. 将整个细胞固定化作为生物催化剂是下一步的发展方向。 Bioreactors play a central role in biotechnological processes by providing a link between the starting materials or substrates and final products. 生化工程生物反应器在生物技术反应过程中具有重要作用，是起始原料转化生成最终产物的重要场所 。 Major advances have been made in bioreactor designs, in process monitoring techniques and in computer control of fermentation processes. 在生物反应器设计过程控制技术和发酵过程的计算机控制方面已经取得了重大进展。 However, the application of process control in biotechnological industries is many years behind that in operation in the chemical process industry. 但是，生物技术产业的过程控制应用要比化学工业落后几年。 New approaches to the processing of the products of biotechnology (downstream processing) will improve the economics of all processes. 生物产品（下游）采用的新工艺流程将改善所有生产过程的经济状况。 There is an increasing need to design efficient recovery processes, in particular for high value products e.g. the ratio of recovery to fermentation costs for L-asparaginase is about 3.0 whereas for ethanol it is 0.16. 人们越来越需要设计一种有效的回收工艺，尤其是对高价值产品的回收，如大肠杆菌产物的回收成本与发酵成本比值：L-天冬氨酸在3.0左右，乙醇是0.16。 However, downstream processing is still the Cinderella subject of biotechnology. 但下游加工还