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From Biomineralization to Biomimetic Materials Chemistry: Eggshells and Bones Last lecture: abalone shells properties ? microstructure ? mineralization in vivo ? stages of biomineralization Today: eggshell biomineralization collagen; formation of bone Literature: ?Eggshell mineralization: A case study of a biopro-cessing strategy“, D.Fink, A.Caplan, A.Heuer MRS Bull. 10 (1992) 27. E.Baer, J.Cassidy, A.Hilter “Hierarchical structure of collagen composite systems:Lessons from biology” in:“Biomimetics: Design and processing of materi-als” ed. M.Sarikaya, I.Aksay (AIP Press, Woodbury, NY, 1995) 13. A.Boskey “Matrix proteins and mineralization: An overview” ConnectiveTissue Res. 35 (1996) 357. W.Traub, T.Arad, S.Weiner “Three-dimensional ordered distribution of crystals in turkey tendon collagen fibers” Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 86 (1989) 9822. Functions of Eggshells soft (snakes) partially calcified (turtles) fully calcified (birds, crocodiles dinosaurs) The Oviduct fertilization deposition of protein body deposition of shell membrane calcification approximately 30 hours total deposition time Shell Membranes Deposition of two shell membranes in Isthmus each built up by randomly oriented mats of fibrils each fibril consists of several strands of collagen contained in a mantle Initial mineralization of outer membrane already takes places in isthmus. Microstructure of Mineralized Eggshell Cuticle (outer skin ? external layer) “palisade” layer mammillae (mamillary knobs) shell membrane ?Mammillary Knobs“ Calcium Reserve Assembly (CRA) directly above outer shell membrane CRB is calcium reservoir for developing embryo “Crown” on top of CRA is adjacent to palisade layer Palisade Layer Crystallographic alignment increases towards the outside inner palisade: calcite crystals (1*1*0.3?m platelets) in org. matrix outer palisade: smaller, vertically oriented crystals, low content organics Cuticle: film of “mucin” (proteid = protein + sugars) with antibac
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