英国政治课件.ppt

外国语学院李玲 Part I A Brief Introduction 1. What is “government”? Government is a political organization comprising the individuals and institutions authorized to formulate public policies and conduct affairs of state. 2. Different types of government: Monarchic government vs. Republican government Democratic government vs. Dictatorship Federal government vs. Unitary government 3. The Political System in the UK constitutional monarchy: a monarchic government with the Queen as the head of the state Parliamentary democracy: a democratic government with elected representatives in its parliament It is a unitary government with a strong central government The English Central Government includes the Monarch, Parliament and the Cabinet. Basic Structure of UK Central Government 1. The Monarch Queen Elizabeth II Real name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor Birth: 21 April 1926 in London Children: 3 sons, 1 daughter Chief of the State -- Queen Elizabeth II The Full Title of the Present Queen: Elizabeth II, By The Grace Of God, Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland And Of Her Other Realms And Territories Queen, Head Of The Commonwealth, Defender Of The Faith Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth IIBorn: April, 21 1926 - Accession: February 6, 1952 The Crown What powers does the Queen have? Superficially, she is : traditional and symbolic 1) official head of state, 2) head of the legal system of Britain, 3) head of the judiciary, 4) commander-in-chief of the armed forces 5) head of the Church of England. ---She appoints the Prime Minister, ministers, and important officials and officers. ---She presides the great state functions ---She gives many important honors and awards. ---She concludes treaties and declares war. ---She remits all or part of the sentence passed on a criminal by granting a ‘royal pardon’. Succession 1) Sons descendants (older to younger) 2) Daughters descendants 3) Brothers