LaboratoryDatainNutritionAssessment-UniversityofAkron.ppt

Evaluation of Laboratory Data in Nutrition Assessment Specimen Types Serum: the fluid from blood after blood cells and clot removed Plasma: fluid from blood centrifuged with anticoagulants Erythrocytes: red blood cells Leukocytes: white blood cells Other tissues: scrapings and biopsy samples Urine: random samples or timed collections Feces: random samples or timed collections Less common: saliva, nails, hair, sweat Clinical Chemistry Panels: Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) Also called Chem 7 Includes Electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 or total CO2 Glucose Creatinine BUN Basic Metabolic Panel Charting Shorthand Clinical Chemistry Panels:Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Includes BMP except CO2 Albumin Serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, AST [SGOT], ALT [SGPT] Total bilirubin Total calcium Phosphorus, total cholesterol and triglycerides often ordered with the CMP Clinical Chemistry Panels: Complete Blood Count (CBC) Red blood cells Hemoglobin concentration Hematocrit Mean cell volume (MCV) Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) White blood cell count (WBC) Differential: indicates percentages of different kinds of WBC Clinical Chemistry Panels: Urinalysis Types of Assays Static assays: measures the actual level of the nutrient in the specimen (serum iron, white blood cell ascorbic acid) Functional Assays: measure a biochemical or physiological activity that depends on the nutrient of interest (serum ferritin, TIBC) (Functional assays are not always specific to the nutrient) Assessment of Hydration Status Dehydration: a state of negative fluid balance caused by decreased intake, increased losses, or fluid shifts Overhydration or edema: increase in extracellular fluid volume; fluid shifts from extracellular compartment to interstitial tissues Caused by increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure or permeability Decrease in colloid osmotic pressure Physical inactivity Use laboratory and clinical data to evaluate pt Hypovolemia Isotonic fluid