直接引语及间接引语.docVIP

直接引语与间接引语 直接引语是指原封不动地引述原话，把它放在引号里，间接引语是用自己的话来转述别人的话，没有引号。这两种引语都是复合句中的宾语从句(祈使句变来的间接引语除外)。 1、直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间和地点状语及某些动词要用相应变化。其变法如下： (1)、人称变化与汉语相同。如： She said,“I went to see Mr. Liu yesterday.”她说：“我昨天去看过刘老师了。” She said that she had gone to see Mr. Liu the day before.她说那天她去看过刘老师了。 (2)、时态的变化列表如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时： “I am very glad to visit your workshop,” she said. “我很高兴参观你们的车间。”她说。 一般过去时： She said that she was very glad to visit our workshop. 她说她很高兴参观我们的车间。 正在进行时： “I am checking your homework now,” his mother said. “我现在正在检查你的作业，”他母亲说。 过去进行时： His mother said that she was checking his homework then. 他母亲说她当时正在检查他的作业。 现在完成时： “Have you handed in the money for the tickets?” the monitor asked. “你交票款了吗？”班长问。 过去完成时： The monitor asked me if I had handed in the money for the tickets. 班长问我是否交票款了。 一般过去时： She said, “My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.” 她说，“我母亲昨天带我去看了展览。” 过去完成时： She said that her mother had taken her to an exhibition the day before. 她说她母亲前一天带她去看了展览。 过去完成时： “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Her mother asked her.“你是做完作业才看电视的吗？”她妈妈问她。 过去完成时： Her mother asked her if(whether) she had finished her homework before she watched TV.她妈妈问她是不是完成作业才看电视。 一般将来时： “I’ll come to see you tonight,” she said to him. 她跟他说，“我今晚去看你。” 过去将来时： She told him that she would go to see him that night.她跟他说，她当天晚上去看他。 现在(过去)完成进行时： He said,“I’ve been coming to see you for ages.”他说，“我好久都一直想来看你。” “What had she been eating?”the doctor asked.“她吃什么来着？”医生问。 过去完成进行时： He said that he had been coming to see me for ages.他说他好久都一直想来看我。 The doctor asked what she had been eating. 医生问她吃什么来着。  但是，要注意下面的情况： ① 主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态与原来直接引语的时态一样，不必改变。如： She says,“I will have finished my homework by myself.”她说：“我一定要独自完成作业。” She says that she will have finished her homework by herself. The businessman will say,“I have paid for it.”那位商人肯定会说：“我已经付款了。” The businessman will say that he has paid for it. ②直接引语说的是科学真理、格言时，无论主句