AdolfHilter.doc

Adolf Hilter (1889—1945), 希特勒是德国国家社会主义工人党即纳粹党的总裁和德意志第三帝国的元首，第三帝国元首兼总理，第二次世界大战的头号战犯founder and leader of National Socialism (Nazism), and German dictatorEarly Life The son of Alois Hitler (1837—1903), an Austrian customs official, Adolf Hitler dropped out of high school, and after his mothers death in 1907 moved to Vienna. He twice failed the admission examination for the academy of arts. His vicious anti-Semitism反犹太主义and political harangues drove many acquaintances away. In 1913 he settled in Munich, and on the outbreak of World War I he joined the Bavarian巴伐利亚的army. During the war he was wounded, a corporal, he received the Iron Cross铁十字勋章for bravery. The war hardened his extreme nationalism, and he blamed the German defeat on betrayal by Jews and Marxists马克思主义者. Upon his return to Munich he joined a handful of other nationalistic veterans in the German Workers party德意志工人党. The Nazi Party In 1920 the German Workers party was renamed the National Socialist German Workers民族社会主义德意志工人党, or Nazi party; in 1921 it was reorganized with Hitler as chairman. He made it a paramilitary organization and won the support of such prominent nationalists On Nov. 8, 1923, Hitler attempted the beer-hall putsch“啤酒店暴动”intended to overthrow the republican government. It failed at last. Hitler fled, but was soon arrested and sentenced to five years. He served nine months. The putsch made Hitler known throughout Germany. In prison he dictated口述 to Rudolf Hess the turgid Mein Kampf [my struggle], filled with anti-Semitic outpourings, worship of power, disdain for civil morality, and strategy for world domination. It became the bible of National Socialism. Under the tutelage of Hitler, the party grew slowly until the economic depression, beginning in 1929, brought it mass support. Hitlers Rise to Power To Germans burdened by reparations payments赔款条约to the victors of World War I, and threatened by hyperinflation, political chaos, and a possible Communist takeover, Hitler, frenzied