B2U2-4被动语态.ppt

* Grammar Passive Voice 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice) A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. We speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 They cleaned the classroom yesterday. The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. The Structure is 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P) 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的 过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称、数 的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词 时一样。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday. 1.规则动词的过去分词： 1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed watch---watched 2)以不发音e结尾的加-d practice---practiced 3)以辅音加y结尾的, 去y变i加-ed study---studied 4)以重读闭音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母, 先双写该辅音字母, 再加-ed stop---stopped 2.不规则动词的过去分词： am is are been have has had do done write written go gone 典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 在改写中应注意： 1. 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态 的主语; 2. 把动词变成“be + 过去分词”; 3. 主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。 主变被解题步骤: 1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者 They make shoes in that factory. Shoes 2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数. are were 3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态. 4. 修改谓语的时态 ----即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语. by them. 何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确, 不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如： Football is played all over the world． 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如： My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。 三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、 “大家说”等时。如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and …… It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知…… It is well known that … 据推测说…… It is supposed that … 四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。如： Tina is asked to come by Paul． Tina是被Paul叫来的。 五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如： He was born in October, 1989． 1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语 Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语)+am/is /are(not) +过去分词 2. They bought ten computers last year． Ten computers were bought (by them) last year. 一般过去时： S+was/wer