《国际物流与经营管理》课件-第11章-国际海运.ppt

Types of Vessels Combination Ship P290 Types of Vessels LASH Ship Types of Vessels LASH Ship Types of Vessels Product Carrier Chemical Carrier Types of Vessels Crude Carrier A very large crude carrier (VLCC). Types of Vessels A Very Large Crude Carrier being Lightered by a Smaller Tanker A dry-bulk carrier. Types of Vessels Types of Vessels A Dry Bulk Carrier being Unloaded P294 Types of Vessels Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier （LNG） P296 A liquefied natural gas carrier. International Ocean Transportation Types of Service Size of Vessels Types of Vessels Flag Conferences Liability Conventions Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carriers Security Requirements Flag Concept Country of registration：According to international convention, every ship must be registered in a specific country and fly that country’s flag. Ship must obey laws and regulations of that country. Ship owner can choose country of flag Developed countries tend to have stricter regulations. Developed countries’ regulations result in higher standards for crew composition, training, working conditions. Developed countries tend to have higher taxes. P298 Flag flag of convenience Some countries have open registry: any ship, regardless of the citizenship of the ship’s owners, can register in those countries. Countries with open registries and less stringent regulations and taxations are called flag of convenience. Fleet by Flag of Registry Country 2012 Number of Vessels Total DWT (in 000s) Panama 8,127 214,760 Liberia 3,030 121,519 Marshall Islands 1,876 76,054 Hong Kong 1,935 70,206 Singapore 2,877 53,830 Bahamas 1,409 52,390 Malta 1,815 45,119 Greece 1,386 41,276 China 4,148 37,924 Cyprus 1,022 20,993 International Ocean Transportation Types of Service Size of Vessels Types of Vessels Flag Conferences Liability Conventions Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carriers Security Requirements Conferences A group of shipping companies (carriers) that operate vessels competing in the same trade lanes and that have legall