基础的翻译技巧一般包括.doc

基本的翻译技巧一般包括?　　1).Diction(选词用字);?2).Amplification(增益);?3).Omission(省略);4).Repetiton(重复);?5).Conversion(转换);?6).Restructuring(词序调整);?7).Negation(正说反译，反说正译);?8).Division(长句拆译).　　遣词用字是任何翻译工作者自始至终需面临的一个现实问题。由于英汉分属不同的语系，所以在翻译时源语与译语之间往往没用相对固定的词义对应关系。本期用对比的方式归纳了英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况：1.完全对等，2.多词同义，3.一词多义，4.词义交织，5.无对等词语。　　词义辨析是遣词用字的前提。本期从四个角度探讨了如何判断某一英语词语的准确含义，即　　1.根据构词法辨别词义；　　2.根据指代关系辨别词义；　　3.根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义；　　4.根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义。　　在词义辨析的基础上，本期归纳了英语词语翻译的8种常用技巧：1.推演法，2.移植法，3.引伸法，4.替代法，5.释义法，6.合并法，7.?图形法和8.音译法。　　1.?Correspondence?Between?English?and?Chinese?at?Word?Level----英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况　　In?most?cases?there?is?no?existing?pattern?for?sentence?translation,?nor?are?there?fixed?rules?for?word?transformation.?Generally?speaking,?the?correspondence?between?English?and?Chinese?at?word?level?may?be?categorized?as?follows:　　1)?Word-for-word?Correspondence　　This?is?most?evidently?shown?in?proper?nouns?and?technical?terms.?　　For?example:?Marxism?=?马克思主义　　Aspirin?＝?阿斯匹林?　　2)?One?Word?with?Multiple?Equivalents?of?the?Same?Meaning　　This?is?a?common?case?in?translation.?　　For?example:　　犬：dog,?hound,?spaniel,?mastiff,?pointer,?setter,?retriever,?terrier……　　3)?One?Word?with?Several?Equivalents?of?Different?Meaning?　　This?is?also?very?common?in?translation.?For?example:　　carry:?搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..　　走：walk,?saunter,?amble,?stride,?trudge,?trapes,?shamble,?prance,?scamper,?　　　　clump,?tiptoe?….　　羊：?sheep,?goat,?ram,?ewe,?lamb……　　4)?Equivalents?Interwoven?with?One?Another?　　5)?Words?Without?Equivalents?　　In?this?case,?an?explanation?is?given?instead?of?an?equivalent.?　　For?example:clock-watcher:?老是看钟等下班的人　　阴：?(in?Chinese?thought)?the?soft?inactive?female?principle?or?force?in?the?world　　阳：?(in?Chinese?thought)?the?strong?active?male?principle?or?force?in?the?world　　（目不识）丁:?(not?know?ones)?ABC　　2.?Methods?to?Discriminate?the?Original?Meaning?of?an?English?Word?-----词义辨析　　Since?English?words?are?prone?to?various?meanings,?it?is?