B4unit3Grammar.ppt

一. 含义 动词的-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，不能单独充当谓语。 二. 构成 1.构成: 动词原形+-ing 2.规则: ①一般情况，直接+ing; ②以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing; ③以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing; ④以ie结尾，变ie为y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying. 三.特征 1.动词的-ing形式具有名词、形容词和副词等词的特点. 2. 动词的-ing形式由动词变来,所以保留了动词的某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语,状语等. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 四.分类 1.动名词:动词的-ing 形式相当于名词在句中的用法. 2.现在分词:具有动词的特征，可以表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作. 小结：doing 为非谓语动词，由do原形 +ing 构成，不能单独充当谓语,可以充当 1.主语 2. 宾语 3.表语 4. 定语 5.状语 6.宾语补足语。 1.做主语 例句呈现： 1.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 2. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. 3.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. 小结： 1．特征： 单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。 2.句型： 1）doing 作主语句型： Doing …. + V + O 2）但有些含有动名词的句型，为避免句子主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，-ing形式作真正的主语。下面列举几种最常见的句型： Eg. It’s no use crying over spilt （倾倒出）milk. ① It +be +no good /use/pleasure doing…做…无益/无用 It’s a waste of time thinking hard about the past. ②It +be +a waste of time doing…做…是浪费时间 The book is worth reading. ③It +be +worth doing …做…值得 There is no harm in doing so. ④There +be +no +n. +in +doing …做…没有… ③ 有些动词既可接-ing，又可接to do作宾语 ,区别不是很大。 like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, etc. He likes singing. He likes to sing. 1)I must remember to take my notebook with me. I remember seeing her somewhere before. remember to do sth. 记得要做某事。 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。 类似词：forget, regret, mean, stop, try, etc. 2) I forgot to post the letter. I forgot posting the letter. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事。 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。 3) I regret to tell you that you can’t work here any more. I regret not taking your advice. regret to do sth 对马上要发生的事抱歉、遗憾，常和say, tell, inform 等词连用。 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事。 4) I did not mean to hurt you. That means giving up my job. mean to do sth.: 有……的意图，打算，想…… mean doing sth.: 意味着…… 5) He stopped to sing. He stopped singing. stop to do sth.: 停下来正在做的事，去做另一件