初高中衔接语法;名词性从句.docVIP

简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子种类：两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句(肯定、否定) He is six years old. She didnt hear of you before. 2）疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意) Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句 Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class. 4）感叹句 How clever the boy is! How well you write! How strange a feeling it was! What strange feelings they are! What useful information it is! What a fine day it is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句：由并列连词(and, but, or, so, for 等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 It was here yesterday, therefore it cannot be lost. 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. That he will come and help us is certain. His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818. 二、简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语 e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词 e.g. We work hard. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语 e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语) e.g. My father bought me a car. 常接双宾语的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise,, sell, send,, serve, show, teach, tell, write; buy, call, fetch, get, leave, make, order, prepare, reach, sing etc. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 常接复合宾语的动词见句子成分分析。 注:其他各种句子都可由这几种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 三、并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,