直接引语间接引语的知识库.docVIP

直接引语变间接引语知识库 一、如何变人称： 口诀：引号内一随引号外主。是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称I或被第一人称所修饰my/our。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She?said.?My?brother? wants?to?go shopping?with?me.?” →She?said?her?brother wanted?to?go shopping?with?her.  “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称you或被第二人称your所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： ? ?He?said?to?Kate.?How?is?your?sister?now?” →He?asked?Kate?how?her?sister?was?then。  “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称he/she/they或被第三人称his/her/their所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr?Smith?said,Jack?is?a?good?boy.“ →Mr?Smith?said?Jack?was?a?good?boy. The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态； She said:” I am a student. ” → She said (that) she was a student. 2)一般将来时→过去将来时 She?said, He?will?go?to?see?his? friend.” →She?said?he?would?go?to?see?his?friend。 Tom said,” I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时→过去进行时； She said ,“I am reading a book.” →She said she was reading a book. 注意：以下几种情况时态 不变 ①直接引语是客观真理。 The?teacher said The?earth?moves?around? the?sun?.” ? The?teacher?said?to me? the?earth?moves?around?the?sun?earth. ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack?said.?“I was doing my homework when Tom came to see me” →Jack?said he was doing homework when Tom came to see him. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack?said.?I?was?born?on? April?2l,?1980.? Jack said?he?was?born?on? April?21,?1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He?said,? “I?get?up?at?six?every?morning。”? →He?said?he?gets?up?at?six ?every?morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变 例:(could,?should,?would,? might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 和已经是过去时的形式时， ought?to应该,had?better最好,? used?to过去常常 Peter?said，? You?had?better?come?here?today.?→Peter?said?I?had?better?go