高大上英国历史7.4FeudalEngland浅析.ppt

Feudal England (4) Chapter 7 History —— — * — LOGO Beginning of the Parliament The Great Charter was signed in 1215, but King John had no intention to abide by his promise． He knew the only way out for him was to fight，for there was no room for compromise． He hired some mercenary soldiers to start a war． But he was defeated and soon he died． — * — LOGO Henry III Era The Barons showed their power by drawing up the Provisions of Oxford. Henry capitulated; he was forced to acquiesce to the setting up of a Council of Fifteen, with himself as a first among equals. When the king later tried to reassert his authority, the barons once again rebelled. Under de Montfort, they captured Henry, and set up de Montfort as temporary ruler. His son，a nine-year-old boy，was put on the throne as Henry III． After coming of age，Henry III desired to take over the power and rule the kingdom in his own way． Henry III — * — LOGO Great Council to Parliament Up to that time，there had been the Great Council composed of nobles and clergymen exclusively．Now Simon and his supporters decided to make some changes in the organization of the Great Council． In1265, in addition to the nobles and prelates，two simple knights from each county and two citizens from each of the more flourishing towns were summoned to join the Great Council. They were plain people without noble titles．The Great Council thus got the new name Parliament． — * — LOGO Edward Henrys son Edward raised an army. At the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265, he defeated de Montfort to restore Henry, who enjoyed his last few years in peace. He was especially gratified at the completion of Westminster Abbey and the reburial of the remains of Edward the Confessor there. — * — LOGO The Hundred Years War (1337~1453) The Hundred Years War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. It was fought primarily over claims by the English kings to the French throne and was punctuated by seve