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专业八级 Understanding International Business 各章练习参考答案 Chapter 1 1. Put the Abbreviations into Full Terms and Translate Them into Chinese JIT -- just-in-time (JIT) systems 适时系统 FDI -- foreign direct investment 国际直接投资 MNC -- multinational corporation 跨国公司 GATT -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税与贸易总协定 WTO -- World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 2. Translate the Following Passage into Chinese 出口，指将在本国生产的商品卖给别国使用或再销售。进口则是买入在别国生产的商品在本国使用和再销售。进出口活动通常分为两类：一类指商品贸易——有形商品，比如服装，计算机和原材料。美国官方刊物称这类贸易为货物进出口；英国称之为有形贸易；另外一类是指服务贸易——无形产品，比如银行业务，旅游业和统计活动。美国称这类贸易为服务进出口，英国称之为无形贸易。 出口通常对于一个企业的财政状况是至关重要的。例如，Boeing公司的大约53%的商用飞机是出售给外国客户的，由此为公司创造出数以万计的就业岗位，同时也为其零件供应商的工厂提供了更多的就业岗位。国际贸易对小企业也同样重要，正如贸易对国家是重要的一样。 Case Questions and Answers 1. What is the issue in China’s education system in this case? Do you agree to this opinion? It is about China’s learning approach. The countrys education systems rote-learning approach does not equip graduates with problem－solving skills. I think this problem is one of the realities of our country’s education system and it is a hard job to solve it. 2. What are roots, do you think, causing students “rote-learning”? In China in the past，performance evaluation was focused more on the managers success in achieving performance targets rather than his or her ability and willingness to learn. It is this kind of think and convention that make people being stuck in the circle of achievement ，causing “rote-learning approach does not equip graduates with problem－solving skills”. 3. Do you have any suggestions about how we might improve both learning and teaching approaches？ More attention should be paid on the process rather than the result to encourage those who finish the job with great passion and patience in learning. Teaching should be more focused on encouraging creating. For example，in work，rewarding those, who develop business acumen on the job and in formal training courses, daring to make mistakes and then learning from th