诺贝尔经济学奖得主迪顿的三大看法讲义.doc

诺贝尔经济学奖得主迪顿的三大看法 Angus?Deaton?has?won?this?year’s?Nobel?Prize?in economics?for?a?string?of?一系列landmark里程 碑? findings?on?the?study?of?consumption,?which?have?shaped policy?and?academic?studies?across?the?world. 安格斯迪顿(Angus?Deaton)因其在消费研究方面一系列里程碑式的发现而获得今年的诺贝尔经济学奖，他的发现影响到了世界各地的政策和学术研究。 From?global?inequality?to?foreign?aid,?the?69-year?old?Scottish?academic?has?displayed?little hesitation?in?wading?into?sensitive?debates?that?are?linked?to?his?40-years-long?research agenda研究课题. 从全球不平等到对外援助，这位69岁的苏格兰裔学者毫不犹豫地一头扎进一些敏感问题的辩论中，这些问题与他40年来的研究课题息息相关。 Hours?after?receiving?the?news?of?his?award,?Mr?Deaton?shared?with?the?Financial?Times?his sometimes?controversial?views?on?three?of?his?biggest?topics课题. 得知自己获奖消息几小时后，迪顿与英国《金融时报》分享了他对自己所研究的三大课题的看法，这些看法有时可能会引起争议。 Inequality 不平等 From?the?rise?of?leftwing?populists?such?as?Jeremy?Corbyn?in?the?UK,?to?the?unlikely?popular success?of?Thomas?Piketty’s?Capital?in?the?21st?century?,?inequality?has?become?one?of?the defining?issues?of?this?decade. 从英国的杰里米科尔宾(Jeremy?Corbyn)等左翼民粹主义者的崛起，到托马斯皮凯蒂(Thomas?Piketty)所著《21世纪的资本》(Capital?in?the?21st?Century)意想不到的畅销，不平等已成为当下十年具有决定性意义的议题之一。 Mr?Deaton?agrees?it?is?important,?but?also?has?a?more?nuanced?view?than?some?of?his?colleagues who?have?also?studied?economic?disparities. 迪顿赞同这一议题具有重要性，但与一些同样也研究经济不平等的经济学家相比，他的观点更加微妙。 “Inequality?is?an?enormously?complicated?thing,?that?is?both?good?and?bad,”?he?says. 他说：“不平等是一件极为复杂之事，有利也有弊。” The?Princeton?academic?believes?that?excess?inequality?can?produce?some?negative?side effects,?ranging?from?the?demise?终止of?public?services?to?the?erosion?of?democracy民主的侵蚀.? But?at?the same?time,?inequalities?can?also?be?a?product?of?success,?for?example?when?they?are?the?result of?successful?entrepreneurship. 这位任职于美国普林斯顿大学(Princeton?University)的学者认为，过度不平等会产生一些副作用——从公共服务的缺失到民主遭侵蚀。但与此同时，不平等也可以是成功的产物，比如当它们是创业成功的结果之时。 “Success?breeds?inequality,?and?you?don’t?want?to?choke?off?窒息，扼杀success,”?he?adds. “成功会导致不平等，你当然不想扼杀成功，”他补充说。 He?is?also?sceptical?of?measures?such?as?ver