2016年完型填空理工(A)级.docVIP

2013年理工新书(红色标题为2013年新增文章)注： +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章； 二、2013年教材新增文章 （理工）完形填空 A级 +第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light（A级）+第十篇：Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters（A级）+第十五篇：Liquefaction Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems：More Heat，More Light ? Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they havent been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. Thats because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isnt a very efficient way to gather heat. ? Thats a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And its also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little rooms for thermal applications. ? In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queens University, Canada. ? Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon, They dont create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible , and cheaper:. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable as some bad-newsphysics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect. ? That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light - pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell, Pearce explains, which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only small fr