高一语法限制性定语从句讲解.doc

东方教育学科教师辅导讲义 讲义编号SH12YY000 授课班级： 年 级： 课时数：2 学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 学科组长签名及日期 剩余天数 课 题 授课时间： 201/08/05 备课时间：201教学目标重点、难点考点及考试要求教学内容 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 注意事项：that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物；who，whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语，只能指人；whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的，也可以为非限制性的。先行词既可以是人，也可以是无，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。 指人who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： I thank the woman. The woman helps me a lot. I thank the woman who (that)helps me a lot.（主语） The man was .I saw him. The man (who /whom /that) I saw was Jones.(作宾语) She was the woman .I told you about her. She was the woman (who whom/ that) I told you about .(做介词宾语) She was the woman whom about I told you.(介词后只能用宾格)指物which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等， A prosperity appears in the countryside. A prosperity had never been seen before .A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语） Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? ( 做宾语)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man. His car had broken down.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of wHe’s written a b