克服新托福综合写作的两种结构安排模式.docVIP

克服新托福综合写作的两种结构安排模式 朗阁托福考试研究中心 新托福考试写作部分的第一个任务是综合写作，大部分学生对于如何应对综合写作缺乏相关的知识和经验，很大程度依赖于教师的指导，其中一个重要的方面就是如何安排文章的结构。对此，ETS并没有给出详细的官方建议，只是在ETS公开的综合写作评分标准中，给出了5分（即满分）作文的定义如下： A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections. 可以看出，ETS并没有规定一篇综合写作应该使用某种固定的结构模式，而只是从信息点的准确提炼，信息组织的条理性和语言的准确性这几个角度定义了一篇满分作文。然而实践中，这样的指导性建议太为笼统。学生还是期望教师能够给出一种易于理解的，安全有效的且操作性强的结构，在考试时依照这个结构构建文章的主体，并以此为基础填充细节，从而快速高效地完成作文。 朗阁托福考试研究中心的老师经过一段时间的教学，总结出两种适合新托福综合写作的结构安排，为了形象理解，称为“点对点”型和“面对面”型的结构，本文就将对这两种结构进行分析和比较。 “点对点”的结构 “点对点”的结构指的是把综合写作中的阅读材料和听力材料的每一个对应点都单独提炼出来用一个段落加以阐述。这种结构的优点是可以把阅读文章和听力材料的对应关系更细致地进行说明，使文章层次感强，同时反映出考生提炼信息和对比信息的能力更高。比如下面的一篇范文就是ETS给出的满分作文，是一篇典型的“点对点”型的结构安排方式。 Introduction- Relationship between reading and lecture The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group to handle their work. He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened in reality. First Point of Contrast First, some members got free rides. That is, some didn’t work hard but got recognition for the success nonetheless. This also indicates that people who hard were not given recognition they should have gotten. In other words, weren’t given the opportunity to “shine”. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates. Second Point of Contrast Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are more responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and aggregated resources. However, the speaker talks about how the firm found that groups were slower than individuals in decision making. Groups needed time for meetings, which are necessary procedures in decision maki