工程承包合同类型.docxVIP

Types of Construction Contracts工程承包合同的类型?While construction contracts serve as a means of pricing construction, they also structure the allocation of risk to the various parties involved. 工程承包合同作为工程定价工具的同时，还规定了风险在参与各方之间的分配。 ??The owner has the sole power to decide what type of contract should be used for a specific facility to be constructed and to set forth the terms in a contractual agreement. 业主拥有单独的权利决定应该为建设一个特定的工程而采用哪种合同形式，并在合同中用条款阐明。 ??It is important to understand the risks of the contractors associated with different types of construction contracts. 掌握各种不同合同形式中承包商的风险是非常重要的。???? Lump Sum Contract.总价合同。?In a lump sum contract, the owner has essentially assigned all the risk to the contractor, who in turn can be expected to ask for a higher markup in order to take care of unforeseen contingencies. 在总价合同中，业主本质上是将所有的风险赋予了承包商，可以料想，承包商继而会寻求更大的增加值以覆盖不可预见的费用。 ??Beside the fixed lump sum price, other commitments are often made by the contractor in the form of submittal such as a specific schedule, the management reporting system or a quality control program. 除固定总价外，承包商通常以提供其他文件的形式做出另外的承诺，例如，某一特定的进度计划、管理报告系统或质量控制计划。 ??If the actual cost of the project is underestimated, the underestimated cost will reduce the contractor’s profit by that amount. 如果工程的真实费用被低估，那么被低估的费用将减少承包商的利润。 ??An overestimate has an opposite effect, but may reduce the chance of being a low bidder for the project. 被高估的费用具有相反的结果，但可能减小成为工程低价投标人的机会。???? Unit Price Contract.单价合同。?In a unit price contract, the risk of inaccurate estimation of uncertain quantities for some key tasks has been removed from the contractor. 在单价合同中，承包商不再因某些主要分项工程量的不明确而承担估算不准确的风险。 ??However, some contractors may submit an “unbalanced bid” when it discovers large discrepancies between its estimates and the owner’s estimates of these quantities. 但是，一些承包商在发现自己的工程量估算与业主的估算之间存在很大差距时，可能提交“不平衡报价”。 ??Depending on the confidence of the contractor on its own estimates and its propensity on risk, a contractor can slightly raise the unit pric