句子成份高考复习讲解.ppt

句子成分 主语（subject）、 谓语（predicate）、 表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、 状语(adverbial)。 主语和谓语是句子成立的充分且必要的条件，两者缺一不可。 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Toms pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。 简单句类型 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 1??Ｓ??Ｖ?????????? （主＋谓） 2??Ｓ??Ｖ??Ｐ?????? （主＋谓＋表） 3??Ｓ??Ｖ??Ｏ?????? （主＋谓＋宾） 4 Ｓ??Ｖ??ｏ??Ｏ??（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5??Ｓ??Ｖ??Ｏ??Ｃ??（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 主语+系动词+表语 表语 表语是表述主语的特征、状态和身份等。 I am a teacher. 主语+不及物动词 主语+及物动词+宾语 I like popular music. She knows what to do next. I usually do my homework at home in the evening. He began learning English ten years ago. He has decided to work harder at English. 主语