chapter+gram.ppt

* Agreement of number between nouns and verbs: This man runs.?? The bird flies.? These men run.?? ?? These birds fly. * Sentence Clause Phrase Word 5. Phrase, Clause and Sentence短语小句句子 * the three tallest girls (nominal phrase) has been doing (verbal phrase) extremely difficult (adjectival phrase) to the door (prepositional phrase) very fast (adverbial phrase) * Clause Finite Non-finite Infinitive Participial Gerundial Subject Object Adverbial Relative Appositional Complement * The best thing would be to leave early. It’s great for a man to be free. Having finished their task, they came to help us. John being away, Bill had to do the work. Filled with shame, he left the house. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. Do you mind my opening the window? * Sentence: traditional approach simple Sentence complex non-simple compound * Sentence: functional approach Yes/no Interrogative Indicative wh- Declarative陈述 Sentence Jussive命令 Imperative Optative 请求 * Basic sentence types: Bolinger Mother fell. (Nominal + intransitive verbal) Mother is young. (Nominal + copula + complement) Mother loves Dad. (Nominal + transitive verbal + nominal). Mother fed Dad breakfast. (Nominal + transitive verbal + nominal + nominal) There is time. (There + existential + nominal) * Basic sentence types: Quirk SVC ???Mary is kind. a nurse. SVA?? ?Mary is here. in the house. SV ?????The child is laughing. SVO ???Somebody caught the ball. SVOC? ?We have proved him wrong. ???????????????????????????? ??????????? a fool. SVOA?? ?I put the plate on the table. SVOO? ?She gives me expensive presents. * 6. Recur