培根和科学革命.ppt

Main Changes The Geocentric View The earth is the center of the universe. 1.The Catholic Church 2.Aristotle and Ptolemy The contributors that appeared during the Scientific Revolution held some doubts and even clear disagreements to the geocentric view. At that time, the European calender was based on the Ptolemys system. However, the Catholic Church gradually found out that the major saints day, such as Easter, were more than a week off where they should have been according to the stars. In this case, the Catholic authorities spent nearly a century trying to correct this basic problem, summoning mathematicians and astronomers from all over Europe to solve this dilemma. Contents Nicholas Copernicus ( 1473-1543) a Polish astronomer, mathematicians and a faithful Christian Contribution —The Heliocentric View On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) a Danish nobleman and an astronomer endowed with lands and wealth by his king. Main Contributions 1.observing a completely new star 2.correcting other flaws in ancient astronomy 3.setting up Uranienborg Laboratory Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) a Germanic astronomer and once an assistant of Tycho Main Contributions and ideas 1. He believed that everything in creation had been created according to mathematics laws. Understanding those laws would allow human beings to share the wisdom of God and the inner secrets of the universe. 2. With the help of Tychos astronomical tables, he found out that two of Copernicuss assumptions about planetary motion simply did not fit with the observable facts. In this case, he developed his Three Laws First Law — the earth and the other planets travel in elliptical paths around the sun. Second Law — the speed of planets varies with their distance from the sun. Third Law — magnetic attractions between the sun and the planets in orbital motion. Gali