届高考英语总复习轮ModuleUnitScienceandnature课件.ppt

(3)have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况： ①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。 He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。 ②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。 He had his leg broken in the match last month. 他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。 He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。 4．分词的独立主格结构： 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则，就必须在分词前另加上自己的逻辑主语(名词或主格代词)的这个结构叫独立主格结构或分词的复合结构。 (1)独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。 Supper finished (＝After supper was finished), we started to discuss the picnic. 吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。 All the tickets having been sold out (＝As all the tickets having been sold out), we had to wait for the next weeks show. 所有的票都卖出去了，我们只好等着看下周的演出。 (2)表示独立主格结构中的being常省略。 The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。 Nobody (being) in, I didnt enter the hall. 里面没有人，我没进大厅。 (3)表示伴随方式的独立主格结构，有时可用“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构来替换。 He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head). 他双手放在头下，躺在那里思考着。 The river looks more beautiful, flowers and grass growing on both sides(＝with flowers and grass growing on both sides). 这条河看上去更加漂亮，因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。 5．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见的结构，其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等，在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示原因、方式等。 The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide. 孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我们。 I would miss the train, with no one to wake me up. 没人叫我，我会错过火车的。 With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest. 考试结束了，我们有一段长长的时间可以休息。 6．垂悬结构。有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如： generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking, judging from/by, considering, supposing, providing, provided等。 Talking of the computer, I like it very much. 谈到电脑，我非常喜欢。 Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. 考试到时间，我们已经决定明早一早出发。 1. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ________ to. A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken A　此题容易误选B，认为until 是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。其实，此题应选A，until spoken to 为