英语词汇学-.ppt

7 Sense Relations between Words -nyms Most wonderful of all are words, and how they …[relate] one with another. O. Henry, as modified by a semantician Words are related to one another in a variety of ways. These relationships have words to describe them that often end in the bound morpheme –nym It may be more accurate to think of the lexicon as network, rather than a listing of words as in a published dictionary. 7.1 Synonymy 7.1.1 Definition of synonyms Gk synonymon --- “having the same name” syn--together+onuma,a name . Traditionally: words differing in sound form but identical or similar in meaning. But: -- there are more polysemic words than monosemic words, and it is inconceivable that a polysemic word could have the same synonymous word for all its meanings.  e.g. head: chief, boss, leader aptitude, talent mind, imagination life top front -- it seems impossible to speak of identity or similarity of lexical meaning of a word as a whole,as it is only the denotative meaning that may be said to be identical or similar.  Synonym: a word having the same meaning as another word: as one of two or more words of the same language and grammatical category having the same essential or generic meaning and differing only in connotation, application, or idiomatic use: one of two or more words having essentially identical definition...“ e.g.-- experiencing something experience undergo expectation: either good or evil. anticipation: as a rule is a pleasurable expectation of something good. hope: is not only a belief but a desire that some event would happen. 7.1.2 Patterns of synonymous sets in Modern English Why so many synonyms? English is a language particularly rich in pairs of synonyms. The primary reason for this has to do with the history of language and especially with the wholesome borrowing from other languages. T