B接引语Directspeech和间接引语Indirectspeech语法讲.doc

Book 1 Grammar:直接引语Direct speech和间接引语 Indirect speech 语法讲解 Direct speech: speaker’s actual words The teacher said to Tom, “I will tell you a secret tomorrow.” Indirect speech: reported speech / reporting of what somebody has said The teacher said to Tom that she would tell him/her a secret the next day. 一、人称　　人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。　　“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： 　　She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” 　　→She said her brother wanted to go with her. 　　“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： 　　He said to Kate，How is your sister now? 　　→He asked Kate how her sister was then.　　“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如： 　　Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”　　→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.二、时态　　直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。　　1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen. 　　　 （现在完成→过去完成）　　2. She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so. 　　　 (一般现在→一般过去)　　3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。”　　　 →She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 → 过去将来)　　但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。　　　 ①直接引语是客观真理。如： 　　　 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher 　　　 told me.　　　 → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the 　　　 earth。 　　　 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：　　　 Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” 　　　 →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.　　　 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： 　　　 Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” 　　　 →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.　　　 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：　　　 He said, “I get up at six every morning.” 　　　 →He said he gets up at six every morning.　　　 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是　　　　 过去时的形式时，（例：could, sh