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GRE ISSUE题目分类 第二类 行为类/教育类 12Peoples attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic. 18.★ “Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.” 只有通过被迫对某个观点的质疑进行反驳，并把它与其他观点进行比较/排除异己，人们才能真正理解那个观点的价值。 同意与异议。 科学的每次进步以及社会的每次进步几乎都是在质疑中进行的。如，哈维William Harvey敢于质疑盖伦，使得医学又一次进步。William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who was the first in the Western world to describe correctly and in exact detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped around the body by the heart. 又如Vesalius维萨里, Michael Servetus塞尔维特是肺循环的发现人。静脉血液只能朝着心脏方向运行的论证，成为生理学由蒙昧走向科学的例子。 只有当出现相反观点的时候我们才有动力去继续深入研究，同时也丰富了观察角度。同时防止懒惰的思想统治思维，不再满足于对某一想象以往的单一认识。 分歧是指合理的质疑精神，最重要的人文精神：是科技创新发展的前提；市政官员施政的本质，学生求得真知的动力。 质疑精神并不是排除异己，其实是思想交流而非排斥。过分质疑导致的非此即彼会阻碍科学的进步和发展。 21Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world. 25Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction—in other words, to make things as simple as possible. 27. “No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking.” 这个世界上，在行动或思维上墨守成规的人是不会获得成功的。 新手和老手之墨守成规和成功 不能一概吸收也不能一概批判。 一个人如果一味墨守陈规，就很难突破前任对他的束缚，很难取得真正的成功。政治上的墨守成规会导致政治制度的僵化Rigid political system，经济上会导致发展死水backwater，学科上会让人变成井底之蛙。 创新意识的重要性。一个真正获得伟大成功尤其是成就卓越的人都会具有创新精神、敢于摆脱传统束缚的人。如：著名化学家戴维一生在探索化学元素，最终成为世界上发现化学元素最多的人，同时还开创了许多真空地带，同时也是利用电解法得到碱金属元素的化学家，提拔了助手法拉第。Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet FRS MRIA (17 December 1778 – 29 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor.[1] He is probably best remembered today for his discoveries of several alkal