必修单元.docVIP

Unit - 4 Earthquakes 一．.Important phrases 1.握手 shake hands 2.照常as usual 3.爆发break out 4.立刻，马上right away 5.大量的，许多的 a number of 6.在---的北边 to the north of 7.搭起，建造 put up 8.为---而自豪 be proud of 9.由---来判断judging from 10.作为---而闻名be known as 11.从---出来.come out of 12.太---而不能--- .too---to- 13.分发，发出（气味等）give out 14.被困在废墟中.be trapped under the ruins 15.代替，而不是instead of 16.纪念---，向---表示敬意.in honour of 17.数以万计的 .tens of thousands of 18.超过，不仅more than 19.掉下，倒塌.fall down 20.结束，终结.at an end 21.挖掘，发现dig out 二．Language points 1 ruin :n．毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；(不可数名词)废墟；遗迹(常用复数) vt．vi．(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产 ** 拓展 ** fall into ruin崩塌 come/go to ruin毁灭，崩溃 lie in ruins成为废墟 the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹 bring sb.to ruin使某人破产 ruin one’s hopes使某人希望破灭 ruin oneself自取灭亡 ruin one’s health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 ①The castle has fallen into ruin．那城堡已破败不堪。 ②An earthquake left the whole town in ruins．那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。‘ ③It poured with rain and my dress got/was ruined．大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了。 ** 辨析活用 damage /destroy /ruin /spoil : 这三个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下： (1)ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是摧毁美好、珍贵的事物，并使其无法修复，其主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。有时可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。 He has ruined his health through drinking. 他饮酒过度，把身体搞坏了。 (2)damage指“损坏”，表示不彻底的破坏，一般是部分性的，只是使其不能发挥正常作用，意味损坏后价值或效率降低，宾语一般是物。 I damaged my shoes in football practice today.今天练习踢足球时我把鞋弄坏了。 (3)destroy指十分彻底的“破坏”，常含有不能或很难修复的意思，也可以用作比喻意义，指希望、梦想等的破灭；主语可以是人，也可以是物；后接人或物都可以。 The building was completely destroyed by fire. 那栋房子被火烧得一干二净。 On hearing the news，all my hopes were destroyed. 一听到这个消息，我所有的希望都破灭了。 (4)spoil有“损坏，搞糟”之意，指不仅造成价值、精力、兴致等方面的影响，还意味着可能造成某种毁灭或彻底破坏；也可作“宠坏”解。 Quarreling completely spoiled the dinner，which broke up in discord. 争吵完全破坏了宴会的气氛，结果宴会不欢而散。 I do hate to spoil your fun，but I’ve got something urgent to tell you. 我真不愿扫了你的兴，但我有紧急的事必须告诉你。 练习： When the world is ___ , I want to stay with you to wait for the death. A. ruined B. in ruins C. to be in ruins D. ruining I got caught in the rain and my suit _____. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined