动词的时态之现在完成时精要.pptx

动词的时态之现在完成时 CONTENTS 定义 构成 过去分词 用法 定义 (Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 句型构成 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p） ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）. ②否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或其他）? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 过去分词变化规则 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 　　(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed” 　　 work---worked---worked visit---visited---visited 　　(2) 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d” 　　 live---lived---lived 　　(3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ed” 　　 study---studied---studied cry---cried---cried 　　(4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加“ed” 　　 stop---stopped---stopped drop---dropped--dropped 不规则变化 　　AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 become became become run ran run come came come 不规则变化 　　ABB型 catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought lose lost lost win won won bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt 不规则变化 ABC型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen 　 draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown write wrote written forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken