科技英语语法部分.docVIP

Chapter 2 Word Collocations（词汇搭配） and Sentence Members（句子成分） I. Word Collocations（词汇搭配） 1. Set phrases（固定词组）—in a word, take place, as usual, as a matter of fact, … 2. Habitual collocations（习惯搭配） (1) Some nouns must go with definite verbs. 质量 improve the quality 效率 raise [increase] the efficiency 提高 能力 increase [improve] the ability 认识 deepen one’s understanding 警惕 enhance [heighten] the vigilance 成就[进步] make achievements [progress] 一致意见 reach complete agreement of views 取得 教训 draw lessons 成功 achieve success 同意 obtain consent 作一分析[比较；研究] make an analysis [a comparison; a study] 作一介绍[描述；说明] give an introduction [a description; an explanation] （2）Some verbs, adjectives, and nouns must go with definite prepositions. Laser beams are sent at the moon. send point aim rush [冲向] (vt.) shoot … at ～ (vi.) fire at ～ [向…开火] emit shout [朝…欢呼] throw (be) representative of = represent (be) descriptive of = describe (be) characteristic of = characterize (be) indicative of = indicate (be) symptomatic of = symptomize [symptomatize] Emphasis should be laid on the collocation of a noun with a preposition, which may present much difficulty to the Chinese students, especially in writing. ① A fixed preposition goes before or after a noun. ⅰ. Before a noun 无线电波向四面八方传播。 Radio waves travel in all directions. 为此目的，大学生必须至少掌握一门外语。 For this purpose [To this end], college students must have a good command [mastery] of at least one foreign language. At this temperature, the metal melts. on a large scale（大规模地） to a great [large] extent [point, degree]（在很大程度上） in (a) great [large] measure（在很大程度上） at a rate（以某一速率） at a point（在某一点上；在某一时刻） ●at a conference [me