1词类和句子成分.ppt

1、主语(Subject) 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物。 主语通常是一些代表事物或实体性的名词。 例如：书本是知识的源泉。 Book is the resource of knowledge. 除了名词可担任主语外，还有代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句均可作主语. What he has said is true. 2、谓语(Predicate) 谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”, 由动词来担任. 例如：I like apples. They are students. Linda didn’t clean the room. 及物动词 + 系动词（Link Verb）+ 3、宾语(Object) 宾语表示动作的对象，是主语的动作的承受者，(能直接加宾语的动词称为及物动词，宾语一般在及物动词之后), 介词后面也要有宾语。 作宾语的词有名词，代词, 数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等，如： I like English very much . We must find out who signed the contract. I enjoy working with you. Tom wanted to see you. 4、定语 (Attribute) 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的,如： I like red apples . 我喜欢红苹果． 一般为形容词。除形容词之外，数词、名词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等，都可作定语。 They made paper flowers. 他们生产纸花。 I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。 5、状语 (Adverbial) 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的，一般表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. I waited to see you. He often goes to school by bus. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He always comes late to school. Though he failed, he never lost confidence. 作状语的词有副词或相当于副词的短语、从句。 6、补语 (Complement) 英语中有些及物动词虽然有了宾语，但句子的意思仍不完整，还需要在宾语之后增加一个成分以补足其意义，这种成分叫宾语补足语。 I found the book interesting. He made himself known to them. 能作宾语补语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式、分词。 补语与宾语的关系？ 7、表语 (Predicative) 表语用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如 be, become ,get, look, turn, seem 等)之后. 表语一般由名词,代词,形容词, 数词,不定式,动名词,过去分词, 以及表语从句表示. He is an astronaut(宇航员). His job is to teach English. What I want to know is when we will leave. 8、同位语(Appositive) 同位语用来对一个词或词的内容加以补充和说明。它通常位于其说明的词或词组之后。 We Chinese are hard-working. You two are very lazy. The truth that he has never been abroad makes me surprised. * * 一、英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。 如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 如：good, right, white, orange .