功能目的论与有用翻译.ppt

第三讲 功能目的论与应用翻译Lesson 3 Skopos Theory and Pragmatic Translation 李国玉 liguoyu85@sina.cn 2013 校园依山傍水，花香四溢，绿树成荫，堪称求学胜地。 The good scenery on the campus makes it an ideal place for learning and academic pursuits. 在家靠自己，出门靠国旅。（西安国旅广告） At home you’re your own boss. In China your Aladdin’s Lamp is at CITS. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Ivanho Red Star Over China Gone with the Wind 《黑奴吁天录》 《撒克逊劫后英雄略》 《西行漫记》 《飘》 Evil rolls off Eva’s mind like dew off a cabbage-leaf. 此女盖出水新荷耳。骤雨密点，不能有一星之驻。如吾夜娃尘污何得遽侵。 ——林纾 《黑奴吁天录》 Translation is not a process of trans coding, but an act of communication. 翻译并非代码转换的过程，而是一种交流活动。 The text is an integral part of the world, not a specimen of language. 文本是现实世界的一个组成部分，而不是语言标本。 Skopos Theory Skopos theory is an approach to translation which was developed in Germany in the late 1970s. Translation is not viewed as a process of trans coding, but as a specific form of human action. Like any other human action, translation has a purpose, and the word skopos, derived from Greek, is used as the technical term for the purpose of a translation. The prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose (Skopos) of the overall translational action. Two General Rules The coherent rule: the target text must be sufficiently coherent to allow the intended users to comprehend it, given their assumed background knowledge and situational circumstance. The fidelity rule: a translation should be as faithful as possible to the original text. It is not the source text as such, or its effects on the source-text recipient, or the function assigned to it by the author, that determines the translation process, as is postulated by EQUAVALENCE-based translation theories, but the prospective function or skopos of the target text as determined by the initiator’s, i.e. Client’s needs. 与等值翻译理论不同的是，功能目的论认为，决定翻译过程的，并不是原文本、其在原语读者身上产生的效果、和原作者赋予文本的功能，而是翻译发起者所规定的目的文本所要达到的预期功能或目的，也就是客户的需求。 Equivalence-based vs. skopos-based Equivalence-based theories: