50passage2商业经济.docVIP

50 passage 2 商业经济 Imagine two jobs reports today: In one, we add 200,000 jobs, and unemployment falls to 8.2 percent. In another, we add 200,000 jobs and unemployment rises to 8.4 percent. The first jobs report will probably result in better headlines for the Obama administration. But its the second jobs report thats more indicative of real recovery. 想象今天的两份工作报告:一,我们增加200000个就业岗位,失业率下降到8.2%。在另一个中,我们添加了200000个就业岗位,失业率上升到8.4%。第一次就业报告可能会导致奥巴马政府更好的头条新闻。但第二次就业报告,表明真正的复苏。 To see why, ask yourself this question: At 200,000 jobs a month, how long will it be till we return to full employment? It seems straightforward enough. You just take the number of jobs between here and full employment, divide by 200,000, and youre done. Sadly, no. First you need another piece of information: you need to know how many workers are going to enter the labor market each month. 知道为什么,问自己这个问题:每月200000个工作岗位,直到我们多久恢复充分就业?这似乎非常简单。你只是把这里和充分就业之间的就业人数,除以200000,你就完成了。很遗憾,没有。首先你需要另一个信息:你需要知道有多少工人每个月要进入劳动力市场。 Here’s the issue: Before the recession, the economy needed to produce 120,000 jobs a month just to keep up with new entrants into the labor market. Lately, that number has been closer to 90,000. Part of this is that immigration has fallen and many immigrants are leaving. Part of it is that some workers are leaving the labor force — either they can’t find a job and have given up, or they have decided to stay home with the kids or focus on other pursuits rather than take the sort of jobs they can get right now. 这里有一个问题:在经济衰退之前,经济需要每月生产120000就业岗位只是为了跟上新进入者进入劳动力市场。最近,这个数字已经接近90000。这部分是移民已经和许多移民离开。它的一部分是一些工人离开劳动力——要么他们找不到工作,放弃,或者他们已经决定和孩子呆在家里或关注其他的追求,而不是他们现在可以得到的工作。 The differences can be big. See here for a table comparing different rates of job growth with different rates of labor-force growth. If we’re adding 200,000 jobs a month, it will take almost 14 years to recover if we’re adding 125,000 workers a month, and about eight years if were adding 90,000 workers a month. 的差别可大了。在这里看到一个表比较不同的就业增长率与不同的