定语从句-222.docVIP

高一英语总复习学案 部门审核人—-----分管校长---主备人田美莲-------时间 ------定语从句，就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，起到定语的作用，所以叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词来引导。关系代词或关系副词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。　　关系代词引导的定语从句　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时作宾语　　1）who, whom, that　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?　　他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）　　2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which若指它还可以同of 互换 ）, 例如：　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。　　3）which, that　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）　关系副词引导的定语从句　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。　　1）when, where, why　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）when=during/ on/ in/… ，例如：　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?介词的正确选择 1. 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。如：　　①This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class. (speak of 意为“谈论”，相当于talk about)　　②The two things of which they felt proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair. (be / feel proud of 为固定短语，意为“以……自豪”。)　　2. 根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。如：　　①I’ll never forget the day on which I first met him. (表示具体的某一天，介词用on)　　②The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run. （“朝……方向”，介词用in）　　3. 有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。如：　　The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see