成语和字格的英译笔记.docVIP

成语、四字格的翻译 英汉成语的相似性 按照汉语成语和英语成语的语法功能和结构成分来分析，汉语成语可以分成动词性、名词性、形容词性和副词性成语等四大类。英语成语也包括这四大类。 Eg: 弃恶从善（动词性） turn over a new leaf （动词性） 兴高采烈（形容词性） （as）jolly as a sand boy （形容词性） 千方百计（副词性） tooth and nail （副词性） 直译法 如履薄冰 be on thin ice 临阵磨枪 sharpen ones spear only before going into battle 置若罔闻 turn a dead ear to 得寸进尺，得陇望蜀 give him an inch and he will take an ell 谋事在人成事在天 man proposes, God disposes 以德报怨return good for evil 浑水摸鱼 fish in troubled waters 水滴石穿Constant dropping wears the stone. 意译法 开门见山 to come straight to the point (死译：to open the door and see the mountain) 油嘴滑舌 mealy-mouthed (死译：with a slipped mouth and tongue) 望子成龙 to expect ones son to become an outstanding personage 不测风云 Something unexpected may happen any time 开门见山 come straight to the point 藕断丝连 have not cut off relations completely Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早。 Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 不可过早乐观。 Every cloud has a silver lining. 天下没有绝对的坏事。 把几千年的封建地主的特权，打得落花流水。 译为：As a result，the privileges，which the feudal landlords have enjoyed for thousands of years, are being shattered to pieces． “打得落花流水”意即打得粉碎，打得一败涂地，语言很形象，如直译为：“…,are being shattered like flowers and floating waters.”译文读者可能看不懂，因此采用意译法。 套译法 （1）两个成语的字面意义和蕴涵意义基本一致。 破釜沉舟 to burn one’s boats 2）两个成语的比喻形象有所差异，但比喻意义基本一致。 “朝三暮四”翻译为blow hot and cold 加注法 省略法 汉语成语有些是对偶词组,前后两对含义相同,修辞上优美匀称,尤其是在四字结构的成语中,多呈现“同义反复”的现象。这种现象在崇尚简洁的英语中是最忌讳的。为了避免“同义反复”,翻译这类成语时,译者准确地译出其形象的含义就可以了。 愁眉苦脸——gloomy faces 五光十色——multicolored 字斟句酌——weigh every word 无影无踪——without a trace 成语翻译时应注意的几个问题 不可望文生译 要注意保持成语的民族和地方特色 三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮(顶个诸葛亮）。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. The combined wits of three blinds equal that of Huge Liang, one of the masterminds. two heads are better than one “一人不如两人智” 情人眼里出西施 Beauty lies in lover’s eyes 具有褒、贬含义的成语的翻译 “物以类聚，人与群分” birds of a feather flock together （前者看起来并无贬意，但一般只用于消极意义） To be hand and glove with 1.The