战和政策法令名词解释总结.docVIP

二战名词解释总结 1.Operation Overlord“霸王行动” Operation Overlord[11]?was the code name for the?Battle of Normandy, the operation that launched the invasion of German-occupied?western Europe?during?World War II?by?Allied?forces. The operation commenced on 6 June 1944 with the?Normandy landings?(Operation Neptune, commonly known as?D-Day). A 12,000-plane airborne assault preceded an?amphibious assault?involving almost 7,000 vessels. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the?English Channel?on 6 June; more than three?million allied troops were in France by the end of August.[12] Allied land forces that saw combat in Normandy on D-Day itself came from Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.?Free French Forces?and?Poland?also participated in the battle after the assault phase, and there were also minor contingents from Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands, and Norway.[13]?Other Allied nations participated in the naval and air forces. The battle for Normandy continued for more than two months, concluding with the closing of the?Falaise pocket?on 24 August, the?Liberation of Paris?on 25 August, and the German retreat across the Seine which was completed on 30 August 1944.[14] 　德黑兰会议后，罗斯福和丘吉尔在开罗会晤。决定任命艾森豪威尔为实施“霸王行动”（Operation Overlord)的盟军总司令，蒙哥马利为地面部队总指挥。 　　1944年6月6日，代号“D日”。盟军集中了多达288万人、近9000艘舰船（其中登陆运输舰艇4000余艘）和1.37万架飞机。当日凌晨1：30分左右，美国第82、第101空降师和英国第6空降师共1.7万人，作为先头部队，乘1200架运输机分别在诺曼底的科唐坦半岛南端和奥恩河口附近首先伞降着陆。随后，美、英、加等国部队在猛烈的海空炮火支援下，在五个地点登陆法国海岸。德国由于受到盟军假情报的欺骗，未能及时组织反击。经过激烈的战斗，登陆的盟军部队先后巩固了各处登陆场，并开始向纵深挺进。 　　诺曼底登陆，为盟军开辟了欧洲第二战场，使德军陷入了苏军和英美盟军的东西夹击之中，加速了德国法西斯的灭亡。这场战役是目前为止世界上最大的一次海上登陆作战。它是二战中最著名的战役之一，并且将“D日”这个军事用语固定在了1944年6月6日。 敦刻尔克大撤退英语 Battle of Dunkirk；法语 Bataille de DunkerqueThe?Battle of Dunkirk?was an important battle in the?Second World War?between the?Allies?and Germany. As part of the?Battle of France?on the?Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation of British and allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940. After the?Phoney War, the Battle of France began i