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课文导读课件
* Read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used. Sailing the oceans Page 1 Fast-reading How did seamen explore the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position? Using nature Keeping alongside the coastline Using celestial bodies Using wildlife Using the weather Using the sea Using celestial bodies to plot the positions to work out the latitude a special cloud formation indicates there is land close by Using wildlife If seaweed was fresh and smelled strongly, the ship was close to land. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. Using the weather To help identify the position of a stream or river when… To direct their sailing Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks. _______was used to tell where the ship was close to land or to show the ____ to land. Celestial bodies were used to_____ the positions of navigators and to work out their_______. Nature plot latitude Wildlife way Certain________________ on the sea were used to carry ships to the destination. The weather could help _______the position of a stream or river and to direct the sailing. identify tides and currents Page 2 Fast-reading What skills did sailors use to explore the seas and discover new lands? Using navigational instruments 1. Finding longitude the compass 2. Finding latitude the bearing circle (方位圆) the astrolabe (星盘) the quadrant (象限仪,四分仪) the sextant (六分仪) Sun height horizon Write down the working principles of the following instruments: Bearing circle: to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday. Detail reading Astrolabe: to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun Quadrant: a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements (using the ship as one of the fixed points to find its position)
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