中考语法-现在完成时与过去完成时综述.doc

中考语法-现在完成时与过去完成时 一、现在完成时 ⒈构成 Have/has +过去分词 现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 单数 I have You have + worked He/She/It has I have You have + not worked He/She/It has Have I Have you + worked? Have he/she/it 复数 We You +have worked They We You +have not worked They Have we Have you + worked? Have they 【提示】 ①现在完成时的肯定式和否定式有其缩写形式：have→’ve, has→’s.例如：She’s worked. =She has worked. I’ve not worked. = I haven’t worked. ②现在完成时的否定疑问句形式为：Have you not worked? Have they not worked? Has he not worked?其缩写形式为：Haven’t you worked? Haven’t they worked? Hasn’t he worked? ③现在完成时的简略回答形式为：Yes, I have. No, I have not/haven’t. ⒉用法 ⑴过去动作产生的影响等 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。在没有具体时间状语的情况下，现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成，而其结果或影响至今仍然存在。因此，现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系，也就是强调现在的影响和结果。例如： Someone has broken the window.（“打破”这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响延续至今，其结果是窗子仍然是破的，The window is now broken.） I have lost my pen.（结果是：我现在无钢笔可用，I have no pen to use.） He’s locked the door.(结果是：现在门锁上了，我们进不去，Now the door is locked and we can’t go in.) The party has started. (The party started and now it is going on.) She has not eaten anything today.(现在一定很饿了) I have had my lunch.( I had my lunch and I am not hungry now.) I’ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 ______________________________________________ 我女儿刚出去。 ______________________________________________ ⑵过去的动作延续到现在和未来 表示一个开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常同for, since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long…（多久）句型中，表示持续的时间。例如： He has studied English for ten years.（可能继续学下去） She has lived here since then. He has been in Nanjing since 2003. Miss Lin has worked in the factory since she came to the city. The girl has been ill for a week. How long have you lived in the house? 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 _______________________________________________________ 最近我们没有见到你。 _______________________________________________________ 他们离开已经两年了。 ______________________________________________________ 她从星期一起一直和我们在一起。 ______________________________________________________ 【提示】for是介词，后面只能跟单词或词组；since是介词或连词，后面