微分方程常用的两种数值解法：欧拉方法与龙格—库塔法精要.doc

四川师范大学本科毕业论文 微分方程常用的两种数值解法：欧拉方法与龙格—库塔法 学生姓名 XXX 院系名称 数学与软件科学学院 专业名称 信息与计算科学 班 级 2006级 4 班 学 号X 指导教师 Xxx 四川师范大学教务处 二○一○年五月 微分方程常用的两种数值解法：欧拉方法与龙格—库塔法 学生姓名：xxx 指导教师：xx 【内容摘要】微分方程是最有生命力的数学分支，在自然科学的许多领域中，都会遇到常微分方程的求解问题。当前计算机的发展为常微分方程的应用及理论研究提供了非常有力的工具，利用计算机解微分方程主要使用数值方法，欧拉方法和龙格——库塔方法是求解微分方程最典型常用的数值方法。本文详细研究了这两类数值计算方法的构造过程，分析了它们的优缺点，以及它们的收敛性，相容性，及稳定性。讨论了步长的变化对数值方法的影响和系数不同的同阶龙格—库塔方法的差别。通过编制C程序在计算机上实现这两类方法及对一些典型算例的结果分析比较，能更深切体会它们的功能，优缺点及适用场合，从而在实际应用中能对不同类型和不同要求的常微分方程会选取适当的求解方法。 关键词：显式单步法 欧拉（Euler）方法 龙格—库塔（Runge—Kutta）方法 截断误差 收敛性 Two commonly used numerical solution of differential equations：Euler method and Runge - Kutta method SThe differential equation is the most vitality branch in mathematics. In many domains of natural science, we can meet the ordinary differential equation solution question. Currently, the development of computer has provided the extremely powerful tool for the ordinary differential equation application and the fundamental research, the computer solving differential equation mainly uses value method. The Euler method and the Runge—Kutta method are the most typical commonly value method to solve the differential equation. This article dissects the structure process of these two kinds of values commonly value method to solve the analyses their good and bad points, to their astringency, the compatibility, and the stability has made the proof. At the same time, the article discuss the length of stride to the numerical method changing influence and the difference of the coefficient different same step Runge—kutta method. Through establishing C program on the computer can realize these two kind of methods, Anglicizing some models of calculate example result can sincerely realize their function, the advantage and disadvantage points and the suitable situation, thus the suitable solution method can be selected to solve the different type and the different request ordinary differential equation in the prac