作为跨国公司的小企业 克服障碍与寻找机遇.ppt

Small Business as Multinational Companies: Overcoming Barriers and Finding Opportunities Learning Objectives Understand the basic definitions of small business and entrepreneurship Explain how small businesses can begin as global start-ups or follow the stages of internationalization Understand how small businesses can overcome barriers to internationalization Learning Objectives Identify when a small business or entrepreneurs should consider going international Understand how small businesses or entrepreneurs can find customers, partners, or distributors aboard Understand how new venture wedge strategies can be used in foreign markets Understand factors driving entrepreneurship at an international level What Is a Small Business? “Small” business – many definitions UN: less than 500 employees The popular press: less than 100 employees U.S. small business administration has more complex definitions - Definition varies by industry, sales revenue, and the number of people What Is a Small Business? “Small” businesses - Over 98% businesses in Europe, N. America, and Japan - Employ more than 50% of local populations - Produce nearly 50% of the countries’ GNPs - Create more than 2/3 of new jobs Internationalization and the Small Business Two models - Small business stage model: process of following incremental stages of internationalization - Global start-up or Born-global firm: company that begins as a multinational company Small Business Stage Model: Six Stages Stage 1: Passive exporting - Company fills international orders but does not seek export business Stage 2: Export management - Specifically seeking exports—usually rely on indirect exporting Stage 3. Export department - Significant resources dedicated to seek increased sales from exports Small Business Stage Model Stage 4: Sales branches - High demand justifies setting up local sales office Stage 5: Production abroad - Use licensing, joint ventures of direct investment - Difficult stage because of the risk of